Perceived Drivers Of Gender Equity In Global Surgery Among Female Healthcare Students In Kenya

Perceived Drivers Of Gender Equity In Global Surgery Among Female Healthcare Students In Kenya

Jill Mayunga , Fridah Bosire
Gender Equity Initiative in Global Surgery, Kenya

Background
Despite advancements in surgical education, Kenya only has 2.35 surgeons per 100,000 people. According to COSECSA, the number of female residents has risen steadily from 1 woman in 2014 to 38 in 2023 and 33 in 2024. This trend represents growing interest in surgery but many women are still held back by systemic challenges. Given the shortage of surgeons in Kenya, this study set out to determine the factors that promote surgical specialisation among female students.

Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted and the study population included 86 female medical trainees and consultant surgeons. Data was collected using Google forms which was distributed to attendees of a ‘Women in surgery’ event using voluntary sampling. Informed consent was obtained. Thematic analysis was conducted on open ended questions and proportions of different responses were determined using SPSS Version 28. Through the study we set out to identify enabling factors that could promote gender equity in global surgery practice.

Results
When 86 respondents were asked about what initiatives they thought were essential in promoting gender equity in global surgery, the majority, 51.2%, felt mentorship programs were the most essential. 23.3% felt increased leadership representation would make surgical education more equitable while 18.6% said policy reforms were the most important. Advocacy campaigns were important among 7% of respondents. Mentorship programs were linked to better skill acquisition and confidence-building, while female leaders were said to enhance access to opportunities and foster mentorship. Advocacy campaigns were thought to increase awareness and dismantle misconceptions while policy changes improved work conditions.
Conclusion
Despite growing interest in surgery among female medical trainees, barriers persist and discourage many. Mentorship programs, equitable leadership, policy reforms and advocacy campaigns have been found to play a role in promoting equity in surgery. To ensure sustainable progress, a multifaceted approach is essential.

Keywords: Global Surgery, Gender Equity, Women in Surgery, Mentorship, Leadership